Neuroinflammation: The Road to Neuropsychiatric Illnesses.
Neuroinflammation is a critical factor in the development of neuropsychiatric illnesses, particularly those associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Despite advancements in prevention and treatment, TBI remains a significant burden, affecting a substantial portion of the US population. The brain's intricate neurochemistry regulates neuronal activity and relies on precise molecular interactions within cellular and neurotransmitter systems. Even minor disruptions to these interactions can lead to neurological pathology. Recent research has shed light on the role of inflammation in the pathophysiology of trauma, increasing interest in its potential as a mediator of neuropsychiatric conditions. Neurotrauma-induced inflammation is a complex process involving various protein-chemicals, such as cytokines, chemokines, leukotrienes, and interleukins, which can activate microglia—a key component of the central nervous system's immune response.